Researchers at the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro used brewer's spent grain, the brewing industry's most abundant solid waste, as the primary substrate to produce a protease enzyme via fermentation with the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, achieving a fivefold increase in enzyme yield after process optimisation.

ÄIO's RedOil, produced from upcycled organic waste streams via fermentation, has entered the consumer market through a commercial skincare serum in partnership with Estonian brand tilk!